Pistachios

Premium bulk pistachios for wholesalers, distributors, suppliers and importers

PISTACHIOS: A SHORT INTRODUCTION

Pistachios have been cultivated for over 6,500 years and, along with almonds, were first mentioned in the Bible (Genesis 43:11) as ‘precious gifts’. Legend has it that the Queen of Sheba ruled pistachios as a food exclusive to royalty.

Today, they are consumed raw or used for culinary purposes.

Pistachio trees are renowned for their resilience and longevity, taking around 5 to 7 years to reach maturity and up to 10-14 years to achieve peak productivity. Once mature, a healthy pistachio tree can yield remarkable results, producing over 37 kg (80 lbs) of nuts per tree during a harvest season. The growth of pistachio trees thrives in hot, dry climates with long, dry summers and mild, cool winters, while their yield is influenced by factors such as tree age, variety, growing conditions, and orchard management practices. With proper care, pistachio trees can grace orchards for decades, rewarding growers with abundant harvests year after year.

 NUTRITIONAL FACTS

Pistachios offer a multitude of beneficial nutrients, including “good” monounsaturated fats, carbohydrates for energy, protein and natural fibers that contribute to healthy bowel function. They feature an excellent combination of vitamins and minerals, including B complex vitamins, necessary for the metabolism, and vitamin B6, which reduces homocysteine levels. Pistachios are high in phytosterols, which is proven to control cholesterol. In addition, pistachios are rich in antioxidants, which protect against ageing and diseases. They also contain lutein, which absorbs harmful radiation that affects the eyes, protecting against ageing and disorders, such as cataracts.

Products

Pistachios are available in various forms and types, including:

1. Inshells: These are pistachios that have their shells intact. Inshells are commonly used for roasting or as a snack, requiring the outer shell to be cracked open to access the edible kernel inside.

2. Kernels: Pistachio kernels refer to the edible portion of the nut that is found inside the shell. They are the shelled and ready-to-eat form of pistachios, making them convenient for direct consumption, baking, cooking, or as an ingredient in various dishes.

3. Peeled: Peeled pistachios are kernels that have had their thin outer skins removed, resulting in a smooth and lighter-colored nut. The removal of the skin gives them a different appearance and texture. Peeled pistachios are often used for culinary purposes and are preferred by those who prefer a smoother eating experience.

These different types of pistachios cater to different preferences and culinary applications, providing versatility in how they can be enjoyed or utilized in various recipes.

Types of inshell pistachios

When it comes to inshell pistachios, there are three main types based on how the shells are opened:

Mechanical Open: These inshell pistachios have been mechanically opened using specialized equipment. Mechanical opening ensures that the shells are uniformly cracked open, making it easier to access the edible kernel inside. This type of inshell pistachio is commonly found in commercial settings and is preferred for its convenience.

Natural Open: Natural open inshell pistachios are the result of the shells naturally splitting open during the maturation process. This can occur when the pistachios reach their optimal ripeness and moisture levels. Natural open pistachios are often sought after by individuals who prefer a more traditional or artisanal approach.

Closed: Closed inshell pistachios typically refer to pistachios with shells that remain completely closed and unopened. These pistachios require mechanical cracking methods to access the edible kernel inside. They are commonly used in commercial operations for producing shelled kernels. The mechanical cracking process allows for efficient removal of the shells, resulting in whole or halved pistachio kernels that can be further processed or sold as ingredients for various culinary applications.

Grades of inshell pistachios

In the United States, pistachios are graded based on their size and quality. The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) has established standards for pistachio grades, which include the following:

1. U.S. Fancy: This is the highest grade, representing the largest and most perfect pistachios. They have a minimum size of 18/20 nuts per ounce and have a high level of quality and appearance.

2. U.S. Extra No. 1: This grade includes slightly smaller pistachios with a minimum size of 20/22 nuts per ounce. They still maintain a good level of quality and appearance, but may have a few more imperfections compared to U.S. Fancy.

3. U.S. No. 1: This grade includes pistachios that are slightly smaller than U.S. Extra No. 1, with a minimum size of 22/24 nuts per ounce. They may have more visible imperfections, but still meet the USDA quality standards.

4. U.S. No. 2: This grade includes pistachios that may have more visible imperfections, such as discolored shells or slight damage. They are still edible and meet the USDA standards, but they are generally used for processing or as ingredients in food products rather than for direct consumption.

It's important to note that these grades are based on size and appearance, and do not necessarily reflect the taste or flavor of the pistachios.

In Iran, pistachios are also graded based on their size and quality. The Iranian grading system for pistachios includes the following categories:

1. Super (Fandoghi): This grade represents the largest and highest quality pistachios. They have a larger size and are free from blemishes or defects. Super pistachios are highly sought after for their superior taste and appearance.

2. Round (Akbari): Round pistachios are characterized by their round shape and medium size. They have a distinctive flavor and are often used for snacking or as toppings in various dishes.

3. Jumbo (Kalleh Ghouchi): Jumbo pistachios are large in size and have a unique taste. They are known for their plump kernels and are popular for both snacking and culinary purposes.

4. Long (Ahmad Aghaei): Long pistachios are elongated in shape and have a medium to large size. They have a rich flavor and are commonly used in baking, confectionery, and as a topping in desserts.

These are the main grades of pistachios in Iran, and each grade offers its own unique characteristics in terms of size, flavor, and appearance.

SIZE of inshell pistachios

In the United States, pistachios are categorized into various sizes based on the number of nuts per ounce (28 grams). Here are the commonly used size classifications for pistachios in the USA:

1. Extra Large (18/20): This category refers to pistachios with 18 to 20 nuts per ounce. They are larger in size and are often favored for their visual appeal and ease of consumption.

2. Large (21/25): Pistachios in this size range typically contain 21 to 25 nuts per ounce. They are slightly smaller than the extra-large size but still offer a satisfying crunch and flavor.

3. Medium (26/30): Pistachios falling into this category have a size range of 26 to 30 nuts per ounce. They are moderately sized and commonly used for snacking or as ingredients in various culinary applications.

4. Small (31/40): Small-sized pistachios have a count of 31 to 40 nuts per ounce. They are smaller in size but still possess the characteristic taste and texture of pistachios.

Please note that these size classifications may vary slightly depending on the specific standards and practices of different producers or distributors.
In Iran, pistachios are also categorized into different sizes based on the number of nuts per ounce (28 grams). Here are the commonly used size classifications for pistachios in Iran:

Round Pistachios:

• Calibres: 26/28, 28/30, 30/32, and 32/34

Fandoghi Pistachios:

• Jumbo Calibres: 18/20, 20/22, 22/24, and 24/26

Kalleh Ghouchi Pistachios:

• Jumbo Calibres: 18/20, 20/22, 22/24, and 24/26

Long Pistachios:

• Calibres: 18/20, 20/22, 22/24, and 24/26

• Varieties: Akbari, Badami, Ahmad Aghaei

types of shelled pistachio kernels

Here are the types of shelled pistachio kernels:

1. Whole Pistachio Kernels: These are intact pistachio kernels without any breakage or separation. Whole kernels are commonly used as a snack or ingredient in baking, cooking, or garnishing various dishes.

2. Halves and Splits Pistachio Kernels: Halves and splits refer to pistachio kernels that have been partially or completely split into halves. These kernels may occur naturally or be mechanically split during processing. They are often used for visual appeal in desserts, confectioneries, and as toppings in culinary preparations.

3. Diced Pistachio Kernels: Diced pistachio kernels are small, chopped pieces of pistachios. They are commonly used as an ingredient in baked goods, chocolates, ice creams, granolas, and other recipes where a smaller, uniform size is desired.

These different forms of pistachio kernels provide versatility in how they can be used in various culinary applications, offering options for whole, visually appealing pieces, as well as smaller, chopped pieces for incorporation into different recipes.

Packaging

Pistachios are commonly packaged in cartons and big bags to cater to different needs and quantities. The packaging options for pistachios include:

1. Cartons: Pistachios are often packed in cartons, which are sturdy containers made of cardboard or other materials. Cartons come in various sizes and can hold a specific weight of pistachios.

2. Big Bags: For bulk quantities or commercial purposes, pistachios may be packaged in large bags. These big bags, often made of durable materials like woven polypropylene, can hold a significant amount of pistachios. Big bags are suitable for industrial use, distribution, or packaging operations that require larger quantities of pistachios.

Both cartons and big bags provide efficient packaging solutions for pistachios, ensuring product safety, convenience, and easy handling during transportation and storage.

Farming

Conventional and organic pistachios refer to the methods of cultivation and production used for the pistachio nuts. Here's a brief explanation of each:

1. Conventional Pistachios: Conventional pistachios are grown using traditional farming methods that may involve the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to control pests and enhance crop yield. Conventional farming practices aim to maximize productivity and ensure the quality of pistachio nuts. While conventional pistachios are widely available and commonly consumed, it's important to note that the use of agricultural chemicals can have potential environmental impacts.

2. Organic Pistachios: Organic pistachios are cultivated using organic farming practices that prioritize environmental sustainability, biodiversity, and natural approaches to pest and weed control. Organic farmers refrain from using synthetic chemicals, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and irradiation in the cultivation process. Organic pistachios are grown in accordance with strict organic regulations and are certified by authorized organizations to ensure compliance with organic standards. Organic pistachios are sought after by consumers who prioritize organic and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

Harvest

The harvesting period for pistachios can vary depending on the geographical location and climatic conditions. Here's a general overview of the harvesting periods for pistachios in different regions:

1. Iranian Pistachios: In Iran, the harvesting period for pistachios typically begins in late August and continues through September. The exact timing may vary slightly depending on the specific region and the maturity of the pistachio orchards.

2. USA Pistachios: In the United States, specifically in California, which is the main producer of pistachios, the harvesting period usually starts in September and extends into October. California's climate provides favorable conditions for pistachio cultivation and allows for a relatively late harvest compared to other regions.

3. Turkish Pistachios: In Turkey, the harvesting period for pistachios generally takes place from late August to early September. However, it's important to note that Turkey has different regions and pistachio varieties, so the specific harvest dates may vary accordingly.

4. Spanish Pistachios: In Spain, the harvesting period for pistachios typically occurs in early September. Again, the exact timing may vary depending on the specific region within Spain and the local climatic conditions.

5. Greek Pistachios: In Greece, the harvesting period for pistachios usually begins in September and extends into October. The timing may vary depending on the specific region and the maturity of the pistachio trees.

It's important to note that these timeframes are approximate and can vary from year to year based on factors such as weather conditions, tree health, and the specific variety of pistachios being cultivated.

KEY POINTS

• Based on the data analysis for 2022/2023 and estimated figures for 2023/2024, several key conclusions can be drawn regarding the global pistachio production and consumption:

  1. Increase in World Total Supply: The world total supply of pistachios witnessed a significant increase from 1,058,056 metric tons in 2022/2023 to an estimated 1,237,650 metric tons in 2023/2024, representing a growth of 17.00%. This indicates a positive trend in the global pistachio industry, with expectations of increased production efforts and favorable market conditions.

  2. Surge in World Consumption: The consumption of pistachios globally experienced a notable rise, reaching 843,006 metric tons in 2022/2023 and is estimated to further increase to 877,650 metric tons in 2023/2024. This represents a growth of 4.10% and suggests a growing demand for pistachios among consumers worldwide.

  3. Shifts in Country-wise Production and Consumption: While the USA maintained its position as a major player in pistachio production, with a consistent crop volume, other countries such as Iran, Syria, and Greece showcased significant percentage increases in their estimated production for 2023/2024. This reflects evolving dynamics in the global pistachio market and the potential for diversification in the supply chain.

  4. Varied Percentage Differences: The percentage differences between the estimated figures for 2023/2024 and the actual data for 2022/2023 varied across countries. Some countries are expected to witness substantial growth in their total supply and consumption, such as Iran, with an estimated 65.29% increase in total supply and an 82.42% increase in consumption. Conversely, TÜRKIYE is projected to experience a decline in total supply and consumption, highlighting the need for further analysis and understanding of the underlying factors influencing these shifts.

  5. Importance of Monitoring Ending Stock: Monitoring the ending stock of pistachios is crucial for assessing market stability and supply availability. While some countries are projected to report zero ending stock due to consumption, others are expected to maintain significant ending stock levels, indicating sufficient supply for future demands and market fluctuations.

  6. Market Opportunities and Challenges: The data analysis reveals potential market opportunities for countries that are estimated to witness significant growth in their production figures for 2023/2024. However, challenges such as climate conditions, trade policies, and consumer preferences continue to shape the industry's landscape, requiring stakeholders to stay adaptable and responsive to these dynamics.

Source: International Nut and Dried Fruit Council

TOP PRODUCING COUNTRIES

The top producing countries for pistachios are:

1. United States: The United States, particularly California, is the largest producer of pistachios in the world. California's climate and suitable growing conditions contribute to its significant pistachio production.

2. Iran: Iran has a long history of pistachio cultivation and is one of the major producers globally. Iranian pistachios are highly regarded for their quality and flavor.

3. Turkey: Turkey is another major producer of pistachios, known for its unique and flavorful varieties. Turkish pistachios are sought after in both domestic and international markets.

4. Spain: Spain is a significant producer of pistachios, known for its high-quality crops. Spanish pistachios have gained recognition for their flavor and are exported to various countries.

5. Greece: Greece is also a notable producer of pistachios, with its own unique varieties. Greek pistachios are highly regarded for their taste and are popular in both local and international markets.

6. Italy: Italy is an emerging producer of pistachios, particularly in the region of Sicily. Sicilian pistachios have gained recognition for their unique flavor and are sought after by consumers and chefs alike.

These countries represent the top pistachio-producing regions, with the United States, Iran, Turkey, Spain, Greece, and Italy playing prominent roles in meeting global demand for this delicious nut.